Master’s Thesis Zubair Riaz MODELLING OF GAS SEPARATIONS USING ASPEN ADSORPTION separation of methane and carbon dioxide from biogas. The third case is the cyclic set up of the biogas case involving a TSA to simulate adsorption and desorption cycles. The last case is to Even when students take Master Thesis Biogas a certain course because they are really interested in the subject, this Master Thesis Biogas still doesn’t mean that they enjoy every aspect of it. You might love the specialty you’ve chosen and the things you learn and still struggle with some things. Like essay writing, for example The biogas is consist of methane (54% - 80%), carbon dioxide (20% - 45%), and trace amounts of other gases such as hydrogen, carbon monoxide, nitrogen, oxygen, hydrogen sulfide,and other hydrocarbon (Khoiyangbam et al., ). Biogas also being used as natural gas
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Need an account? Click here to sign up, master thesis biogas. Download Free PDF. Anaerobic Digestion of Cotton Yarn Wastes for Biogas Production: Feasibility of Using Sawdust to Control Digester Temperature at Room Temperature Open Access Library Journal, Timothy Omara. Download PDF Download Full PDF Package This paper.
A short summary of this paper. Anaerobic Digestion of Cotton Yarn Wastes for Biogas Production: Feasibility of Using Sawdust to Control Digester Temperature at Room Temperature. and Kawelamzenje, N. One of the options being explored is generation for Biogas Production: Feasibility of Using of biogas from cellulosic biodegradable wastes.
However, maintaining tem- Sawdust to Control Digester Temperature at Room Temperature. Open Access Library perature for optimum biogas production is often an existential challenge.
The Journal, 8: e In this study, we investigated the feasibility of using a lo- cally available material sawdust in anaerobic digestion AD of cotton yarn Received: June master thesis biogas, Accepted: July 24, wastes CYW for biogas production.
Two-liter digesters were set at room tem- Published: July 27, perature, master thesis biogas, in a water bath and in sawdust using CYW as the substrate and cow dung as the inoculum. Biogas yields were recorded using water displacement Copyright © by author s and Open method for 30 days and the effect of temperature was examined in each case. Access Library Inc. This work is licensed under the Creative Results of the study indicated that the digester whose temperature was con- Commons Attribution International trolled using sawdust showed consistency in biogas production.
Digester in License CC BY 4. Similarly, the digester operated at control temper- ature using water bath had higher methane content Twizerimana et al. The results of our study indicate that sawdust has the potential of re- gulating temperature in the range that allowed AD of CYW for biogas pro- duction. Therefore, CYW and sawdust which are readily available materials can be harnessed for biogas production at room temperature.
Subject Areas Renewable Keywords Cotton Yarn Waste, Sawdust, Control Digester Temperature, Optimum Biogas Production, Anaerobic Digestion 1. Introduction There has been an increasing need to meet the United Nations energy and climate targets indicated in the 17 aspirational Sustainable Development Goals.
These have primarily focused on using green energy sources to reduce the impacts of decadal climate change. Wind and solar energy are the most well-established re- newable sources of energy, particularly in European countries [1]. Another po- tential renewable energy source that has gained global attention is biogas because of its potential to solve waste disposable problems, facilitate carbon sequestra- tion and act as a buffer to erratic electricity supply [1] [2].
Biogas is produced by microbial degradation of carbonaceous compounds in anaerobic conditions anaerobic digestion, AD [3]. This process occurs in four distinct phases namely: hydrolysis, acidogenesis, master thesis biogas, acetogenesis and methanoge- nesis in the presence of a consortium of synergistic anaerobic microbes [4], master thesis biogas.
Hy- drolytic bacteria first break down complex organic polymers like master thesis biogas and proteins into simple soluble monomers. Acidogenic bacteria then consume the products of hydrolysis, converting them into simple volatile fatty acids and simple alcohols [5]. Further fermentation of the organic acids and carbon dio- xide CO2 occur via acetogenesis, forming acetic acid, hydrogen and carbon dio- xide which are the direct substrates for methane CH4 production [6].
Metha- nogenic bacteria generate CH4 mostly from acetic acid and the remainder from hydrogen and Master thesis biogas [7] [8]. After digestion, organic material is stabilized and ga- seous byproducts primarily CH4 and CO2 are released [8] [9].
Normally, AD operates in the mesophilic 25˚C to 40˚C or thermophilic 40˚C to 60˚C tem- perature ranges where most of the methanogens are active [9] [10]. Thus, methanogens are classified as psychrophilic, meso- philic or thermophilic, contingent on the foregoing working temperature range [11]. AD at psychrophilic temperature has not been as extensively explored as either mesophilic or thermophilic AD [6]. Anaerobic digestion in biogas production depends on the substrate used, sol- DOI: ids loading, operating temperature and the hydraulic retention time [9].
There- fore, by controlling AD of cotton yarn wastes CYWmethane emission from disposed CYW could be reduced. Anaerobic digestion of CYW for biogas pro- duction has been barely investigated, master thesis biogas. Isci and Demirer [12] studying anaerobic treatability and methane generation potential of various cotton wastes in batch reactors reported that the wastes were potential substrates for biogas production.
An analogous conclusion was drawn by Rasel et al. Only one study in our laboratory [14] reported exclusively on biogas production from CYW but examined the feasibility of its co-digestion with human urine. It was found that the presence of human urine in AD of CYW enhanced biogas production by more than Normally, fresh cow manure containing mesophilic microbes is used as a cheap and readily available inoculum source of methanogens [14] [15] [16].
Addition of manure to anaerobic digesters simultaneously supplies microbes and organic material, allowing conversion of organic matter to biogas. However, the meta- bolism of mesophilic bacteria slows or shuts down at 20˚C - 25˚C [17].
This re- quires that digesters should be stored indoors, incubated in a water bath, master thesis biogas or completely retired in the cold season. If solutions to this temperature limitation were achieved, biogas technology could be proved as an excellent alternative energy source for communities, especially those which face particularly high costs of fuel and have paid high rate capita for energy consumption due to cold climates [18].
Interestingly, master thesis biogas, psychrophilic methano- gens have been shown to produce biogas during winters [17].
However, temper- ature control is usually an existential struggle in biogas production as fluctua- tions in temperature can cause digester failure [19]. Vu et al. Christy et al. In this context, Park et al, master thesis biogas.
Temperature of air entering a biogas digester during cold conditions may be affected by different factors, but it is mainly affected master thesis biogas the air temperature and the degree of heat exchange between the digester and the digester and air among others [20] [23] [24].
To find out a simple way of maintaining temperature during cold conditions, master thesis biogas, it is important to understand the factors influencing the digester temperature [25]. As an exten- sion of our study [14], the objective of the current study was to improve the effi- ciency of master thesis biogas biogas digester operating at cold temperatures by using a locally availa- ble material sawdust.
Specifically, the effect of sawdust in controlling tempera- ture in the digester, and the consequent effect on biogas production using CYW DOI: as the substrate were investigated, master thesis biogas.
Material and Methods 2. Substrate and Inoculum Collection, Preparation and Characterization The CYW used as the substrate in this study were collected from at Rivatex East- ern Africa Limited, Eldoret, Kenya while the inoculum cow dung was obtained from Moi University main campus farm. CYW were cut into small pieces using a pair of scissors to facilitate biodegradation and kept in the laboratory for a week Figure 1.
Its temperature was monitored daily using a handheld thermo- meter. The inoculum was kept refrigerated at master thesis biogas for two days before use to mi- nimize degradation and preserve integrity of microorganisms in it, master thesis biogas.
It was used without subjection to any further treatments. The TS, VS and MC were characterized following the standard methods for Exami- nation of Water and Wastewater [26]. The VS, TS and MC calculated on a wet basis were computed using Equations 12 and 3 [27].
a b Figure master thesis biogas. Cotton yarn wastes. a Bulk sample at Rivatex Eastern Africa Limited before collection; b after cutting into small pieces. DOI: A pen type pH meter PH I A was used for all pH measurements. Khel- dahl method was used to determine the total nitrogen content which involved sample digestion followed by volumetric determination. Briefly, 1 g of the sam- ple was weighed into a digestion flask together with a catalyst composed of 5 g of potassium sulphate and 0.
The mixture was heated in a fume hood at ˚C master thesis biogas the digest color turned blue signifying the end of the digestion process, master thesis biogas. Then the digest was cooled at room temperature, transferred to a mL volumetric flask and topped up to the mark with distilled water.
An empty digestion tube blank with the catalysts and acid was also made. Measured 10 mL of the di- luted digest was transferred into a distilling flask and washed with about 3 mL distilled water. Distillation was done to a volume of about 60 mL distillate. The distillate was titrated using 0. Total carbon analysis was done using Walkey-Black potassium dichromate method as described by previous authors [28] [29]. Accurately weighed 1g of dry samples was put in mL conical flasks and 10 mL of 1N potassium dichro- mate solution K2Cr2O7 was added and swirled.
Thereafter, 15 mL of H2SO4 was added in a fume hood swirled again three times. The flasks were allowed to stand for 30 minutes, and then mL distilled water was added followed by 5 mL of ortho-phosphoric acid, master thesis biogas. The contents were titrated with 0. Experimental Conditions The experiments were conducted in duplicate using 2 L 8 cm diameter and 25 cm height aspiration plastic bottles with working volumes of 1.
The anaerobic digesters contained g of inoculum and g of prepared Master thesis biogas and the remaining volume was topped up with water. The batch experiments were performed un- der normal conditions for 30 days in the Chemical and Process Engineering La- boratory, Moi University, Kenya. The substrate was prepared at the start of experiment and mixed before being added to the digester.
The digesters were gently shaken once every week, master thesis biogas. During the experiment, biogas production was measured by water displacement method daily.
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